Martinotti method vs Metodo Classico and what is disgorgement in the Sparkling wines

The Sparkling wines have always exerted a unique charm. They are not only Wines, but symbols of celebration, conviviality and refinement. Each goblet tells a story of terroir, grapes and winemaking traditions. However, behind the magic of Sparkling wine lies a complex world of production techniques, precise rules and fundamental steps.

Two of the most important and widespread methods of producing Sparkling wines are the Martinotti (or Charmat) Method and the Metodo Classico. Both lead to the creation of Wines sparkling and elegant wines, but with substantial differences in both processes and results in terms of taste and structure.

One of the most fascinating aspects, especially related to the Classical Method, is disgorgement, a key step that marks the final birth of Sparkling wine ready to be tasted.

In this article we will explore in detail:

• the differences between Martinotti Method and Classic Method,

• the role of disgorgement,

• how these techniques affect the organoleptic profile of the wine,

• and what are the most famous examples of Italian Sparkling wines made with these methods.

Martinotti (Charmat) Method: freshness and immediacy

The Martinotti Method, also known as Charmat (named after the French oenologist Eugène Charmat who patented the autoclaves), was devised in Italy by Federico Martinotti in the late 19th century.

Main characteristics of the Martinotti Method

• Foaming (second fermentation) takes place in large temperature-controlled stainless steel autoclaves.

• Fermentation lasts from a few weeks to a few months, depending on the style sought.

• Once the Sparkling wine is obtained, the Sparkling wine is filtered and bottled under pressure.

Advantages of the Martinotti Method.

• It is faster and cheaper than the Classical Method.

• It allows for maximum preservation of the grape's primary aromas, such as fresh fruit and flowers.

• It is perfect for aromatic grape varieties such as Moscato or Prosecco (Glera).

Organoleptic profile

The Sparkling wines produced by Martinotti Method are distinguished by:

• fruity and floral aromas,

• freshness and lightness,

• fine but less persistent bubbles than the Classic Method.

Famous examples: Prosecco DOC and DOCG, Asti Sparkling wine, Lambrusco Sparkling wine.

Metodo Classico: elegance and complexity

The Metodo Classico (also known as "Champenoise" in France) is the traditional process used to produce Sparkling wines of great prestige, such as Champagne and in Italy, Franciacorta, Trento DOC orAlta Langa DOCG.

Main characteristics of the Metodo Classico

• Foaming takes place directly in the bottle.

• After the addition of the "liqueur de tirage" (sugars and selected yeasts), the wine undergoes a second alcoholic fermentation in the sealed bottle.

• The wine rests for months or years in contact with the yeasts (aging on the lees).

• The bottles are then turned (remuage) and finally subjected to disgorgement to remove deposits.

Advantages of the Metodo Classico

• Gives Wines with greater aromatic complexity.

• The long stay on the lees gives notes of bread crust, butter, pastry.

• The bubble is finer, creamier and more persistent.

Organoleptic profile

The Sparkling wines Metodo Classico are characterized by:

• elegance and depth,

• evolved and complex aromas,

• greater structure and longevity than those made with the Martinotti Method.

Famous examples: Franciacorta DOCG, Trento DOC, Alta Langa DOCG, as well as of course the Champagne.

Comparison of Martinotti Method and Classical Method

To better clarify the differences, here is a direct comparison:

In summary, the Martinotti Method enhances freshness and immediacy of fruit, while the Classic Method favors complexity and longevity. It is not a matter of better or worse: they are two different styles, suited to different times and tastes.

What is disgorgement in the Sparkling wines

One of the most evocative and fundamental steps in the Classic Method is disgorgement(dégorgement in French).

What disgorgement means

During dégorgement, the yeasts remain in the bottle. Over time, they settle on the neck of the bottle, thanks to the process of remuage (shaking and gradual rotation of the bottle). Disgorgement is the process by which this sediment cap is expelled.

Types of disgorgement

• Disgorgementà la volée: a traditional, manual method in which the operator opens the bottle with a quick gesture, letting the sediment out. It requires great experience and precision.

• Disgorgement à la glace: a modern, more widespread method in which the neck of the bottle is frozen and the ice cork containing the yeasts is ejected thanks to internal pressure.

After disgorgement

Once disgorgement has taken place:

• the liqueur d'expédition, a mixture of wine and sugar that determines the final dosage (Brut, Extra Dry, Demi-Sec, etc.), is added;

• the bottle is sealed with the final cork and safety cage.

Why it is important

Disgorgement is the moment that defines the style and identity of Sparkling wine:

• without disgorgement, the wine would remain cloudy and unpleasant;

• with disgorgement, the wine becomes clear and ready for consumption.

The date of disgorgement on the label is valuable information for the consumer because it indicates how long the wine has been on the lees and thus its level of complexity.

The impact of disgorgement on taste

The moment of disgorgement marks an important transformation:

• first, the wine is protected from the yeasts that slow its evolution;

• next, once the sediment is removed, the wine begins its journey of maturation in the bottle, which will lead to a progressive change in the flavor profile.

A freshly disgorged Sparkling wine is often fresher and more vibrant, while with time it develops softer, honeyed notes.

Conclusion: two methods, one passion

The world of Sparkling wines is diverse and fascinating. The Martinotti Method and the Classic Method represent two different philosophies of understanding Sparkling wine:

• the first focuses on usability and freshness, ideal for lighthearted toasts and everyday moments;

• the second gives depth and elegance, perfect for special occasions or for those who like more complex Wines.

Finally, disgorging is the heart of the Metodo Classico: a technical gesture but loaded with symbolism, which transforms the wine from "opera in the making" to a finished product ready to tell its story in the glass.

Whether one chooses a fruity Prosecco or an elegant Franciacorta, each sip of Sparkling wine brings with it centuries of tradition, technique and passion.